What is the difference between a citation and a warrant in Tennessee?
- HRC Law
- Jun 25
- 2 min read
In Tennessee, the main difference between a warrant and a citation lies in how a person is brought before the court:
Citation (Criminal Citation)
A citation is:
A written order to appear in court, issued by law enforcement
Typically used for minor offenses (e.g., traffic violations, simple possession, shoplifting)
The person is not arrested at the time—just told when to appear in court
Common features:
You sign the citation, promising to appear in court
Failure to appear can result in a bench warrant
Often used to reduce jail overcrowding
Example:
You’re caught with a small amount of marijuana → officer writes you a citation → you go home but must appear in court on a set date.
Warrant (Arrest Warrant)
A warrant is:
A written order from a judge authorizing law enforcement to arrest you
Based on a sworn affidavit showing probable cause that a crime was committed
Required for most felonies, violent crimes, or if there’s concern you won’t show up to court
Types:
Arrest Warrant: Issued before you’re arrested
Bench Warrant: Issued if you fail to appear in court or violate a court order
Example:
You’re accused of domestic assault → police or prosecutor requests a warrant → judge signs it → you are arrested and taken to jail.
Key Differences
Feature | Citation | Warrant |
Custody at time issued | Not arrested | Arrested or will be arrested |
Who issues it | Law enforcement | Judge or magistrate |
Court appearance | Mandatory—scheduled date given | Mandatory—after arrest |
Crime severity | Usually for misdemeanors | Usually for felonies or serious cases |
Consequences if ignored | Bench warrant issued | Already leads to custody |
If you’ve received either, it's important to understand the next legal steps. Reach out to our attorneys and we can guide you through the process.